A reciprocating piston pump is a positive displacement pump that uses the linear reciprocating motion of the piston inside the cylinder to achieve fluid suction and discharge. Its core function is to convert mechanical energy into fluid pressure energy, with an output pressure range of usually 5-300MPa and a flow accuracy that can be controlled within ± 0.5%. This device is widely used in fields such as petroleum extraction, chemical production, high-pressure cleaning, and precision manufacturing due to its advantages of high voltage output stability and strong medium adaptability.
1、 Working principle and classification
The reciprocating piston pump converts the rotational motion of the motor into the periodic linear motion of the piston through a crank connecting rod mechanism. When the piston returns, the pump chamber volume increases to form negative pressure, the suction valve opens, and fluid enters the chamber; When the piston advances, the chamber pressure increases, the discharge valve opens, and fluid is pressurized into the high-pressure pipeline. According to the form of action, it can be divided into single acting pumps (single-sided work, large flow pulsation) and double acting pumps (double-sided alternating work, reduced flow pulsation by 40%).
2、 Core Structure and Material Technology
1. Piston and cylinder body:
The surface of the piston is coated with tungsten carbide or ceramic, with a hardness of ≥ HRC65, and the clearance between the piston and the cylinder body is controlled at 5-10 microns. The cylinder body material is duplex stainless steel or high-strength alloy steel, which is resistant to corrosive media.
2. Sealing system:
The combined sealing structure includes graphite packing ring, polytetrafluoroethylene guide ring, and metal bellows, with a leakage rate of ≤ 1mL/h. Under ultra-high pressure conditions (>100MPa), hydraulic balance sealing technology is used to counteract the medium pressure by injecting high-pressure isolation fluid.
3. Drive unit:
The crankshaft is forged from 42CrMo alloy steel, and after nitriding treatment, the surface hardness reaches HRC60, with a fatigue life greater than 10? Next cycle. Heavy duty bearings can withstand a cyclic impact load of 300kN, with a vibration intensity of ≤ 4.5mm/s.
4. Pulsation suppression device:
The accumulator or damper absorbs more than 80% of pressure fluctuations, and the outlet pressure pulsation is controlled within ± 2%. The multi cylinder parallel design further reduces flow fluctuations to ± 1%.